Thursday 27 August 2009

JAIPUR STAMPS




http://borninpost.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default/"Jaipur"/labelname

HYDERABAD STATE


DUNGARPUR STAMP


Queen Victoria ,general gunj cds cover


GANDHI Definative FDC rare




DOGS M/S


BIRDS CRANES M/S


FISH ON M/S


BHUTAN 3D M/S


BARODA STAMP


BHARATPUR CHILD KING RARE


BARUNDWA STATE COVER ROYAL SEAL


CARS M/S


BIRDS M/S


ARMY FPO COVER


North korea M/S


BACK OF COVER NO 1


BRITISH INDIA COVER 1


ASK FOR LIST OF ASSORTED COVERS FROM BRITISH INDIA PERIOD THIS ODD SIZE BIG COVER RARE WITH 2 ONE ANNA STAMPS,BACK SEAL OF SAVINGS CERTIFICATS ADS CD

FLICKR LINK FOR COINS


PICTORIAL MAIL sadanashurulu


ASHOKA THE GREAT ROCK LETTER TO WORLD


SIND LETTER, CLICK TO ENLARGE IMAGE


Gilgamish letter of 3000 years


ESPONAL MAIL for latin americans

hello todos na rede,
I de india, como para trocar selos, de COINS, notas de banco, imprimiram estacionário, FDC, vêem que este blog PARA TROCAR INDIPEX 1970 15 LUGARES de FDC DE DELI VÊEM A FOTO no *** de BLOGS pedir a o que u quer dos blogs para a lista de preço.
Eu troco as notas de banco indian, COINS antigo moderno, notas de banco, selos, mundo, india, india britânico, notas de banco, SELOS de COINS, fdc todo nas MOEDAS do MUNDO de THEMES;Modern, MOEDAS antigas DO PERÍODO de ALEXANDER, BIMETAL, formas DAS MOEDAS, NAÇÕES NOVAS FAMOSAS de THEMES;UNRECOGNIZED, jogos do país, history postal de 1840, originais do mundo dos reis, etc. v blogs para a aprovação do info.
O;;;please da NOTA emite meterial somente por REGISTERD CORREIO com AGRADECIMENTOS DOBRO DE PAPEL FORTES da APROVAÇÃO da TAMPARegisto de ambos os lados livre no comércio.
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SUMERIAN COVER LETTER OF CLAY


Stationary Postcards on CENSUS


stationary postcards

JANTAR MANTER ancient star gazers


Leaders of india


15 FDC OF INDIPEX 1970


CLICK TO ENLARGE IMAGE

BRITISH INDIA EDWARD COVER


CLICK TO ENLARGE IMAGE

Wednesday 26 August 2009

Imperial bank of India

RESERVE BANK OF INDIA is an off shoot off ,The Imperial Bank of India was the oldest and the largest commercial bank of the Indian subcontinent, and was subsequently transformed into State Bank of India in 1955.
The Imperial Bank of India came into existence on 27 January 1921 when the three Presidency Banks of colonial India, were reorganized and amalgamated to form a single banking entity. The three Presidency banks were the Bank of Bengal, established on 2 June 1806, the Bank of Bombay ,incorporated on 15 April 1840, and the Bank of Madras,incorporated on 1 July 1843.Imperial Bank of India performed all the normal functions which a commercial bank was expected to perform. In the absence of any central banking institution in India until 1935, the Imperial Bank of India also performed a number of functions which are normally carried out by a central bank.

In 1924, at Apollo Street, currently called Mumbai Samachar Marg, Mumbai, a magnificent stone structure with fretted windows, was constructed to house a branch of the Imperial Bank of India.
In 1933, Sir Badridas Goenka, an important public figure and business tycoon of his time, and a prominent member of Marwari community of Calcutta, became the first Indian to be appointed as the Chairman of the Imperial Bank of India.

The Reserve Bank of India, which is the central banking organization of India, in the year 1955, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial Bank of India and the Imperial Bank of India was christened on 30 April 1955 as the State Bank of India, and this transformation from the Imperial Bank of India to the State Bank of India was given legal recognition in terms an Act of the Parliament of India, which came into force from 1 July 1955. The day on which the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India, IBI had 480 branches, sub-offices, and three local head offices; and had under its control and command slightly more than a quarter of the resources of the Indian banking industry. The branch network of State Bank of India has since grown to 9093 branches as on 31 March 2004. In 2007 Reserve Bank of India transferred its stake in State Bank of India to Government of India.

INDIAN BANKNOTES ANCIENT COINS,STAMPS,POSTAL HISTORY,,,
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Bank notes of BRITISH-INDIA





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Thursday 20 August 2009

SHIVA KESAVA ON COIN


Hinduism is a combination of secular and sacred beliefs, rituals, daily practices and traditions that has

evolved over the course of over two thousand years and embodies complex symbolism combining the natural world

with philosophy. Hindu temples began as simple shrines housing a deity and by the time of the Hoysalas had

evolved into well articulated edifices in which worshippers sought transcendence of the daily world. Hoysala

temples were not limited to any specific organised tradition of Hinduism and encouraged pilgrims of different

Hindu devotional movements. The Hoysalas usually dedicated their temples to Lord Shiva or to Lord Vishnu (two

of the major Hindu gods), but they occasionally chose a different deity. Worshippers of Shiva are called

Shaivas or Lingayats and worshippers of Vishnu are called Vaishnavas. While King Vishnuvardhana and his

descendants were Vaishnava by faith, records show that the Hoysalas maintained religious harmony by building as

many temples dedicated to Shiva as they did to Vishnu.[3] Most of these temples have secular features with

broad themes depicted in their sculptures. This can be seen in the famous Chennakesava Temple at Belur

dedicated to Vishnu and in the Hoysaleswara temple at Halebidu dedicated to Shiva. The Kesava temple at

Somanathapura is different in that its ornamentation is strictly Vaishnavan. Generally Vaishnava temples are

dedicated to Keshava (or to Chennakeshava, meaning "Beautiful Vishnu") while a small number are dedicated to

Lakshminarayana and Lakshminarasimha (Narayana and Narasimha both being avatars, or physical manifestations, of

Vishnu) with Lakshmi, consort of Vishnu, seated at his feet. Temples dedicated to Vishnu are always named after

the deity. The Shaiva temples have a Shiva linga, symbol of fertility and the universal symbol of Shiva, in the

shrine. The names of Shiva temples can end with the suffix eshwara meaning "Lord of". The name "Hoysaleswara",

for instance, means "Lord of Hoysala". The temple can also be named after the devotee who commissioned the

construction of the temple, an example being the Bucesvara temple at Koravangala, named after the devotee

Buci.[5] The most striking sculptural decorations are the horizontal rows of exquisitely detailed, intricately

carved images of gods, goddesses and their attendants on the outer temple wall panels. The Doddagaddavalli

Lakshmi Devi ("Goddess of Wealth") Temple is an exception as it is dedicated to neither Vishnu nor Shiva. The

defeat of the Jain Western Ganga Dynasty (of present-day south Karnataka) by the Cholas in the early 11th

century and the rising numbers of followers of Vaishnava Hinduism and Virashaivism in the 12th century was

mirrored by a decreased interest in Jainism.However, two notable locations of Jain worship in the Hoysala

territory were Shravanabelagola and Kambadahalli. The Hoysalas built Jain temples to satisfy the needs of its

Jain population, a few of which have survived in Halebidu containing icons of Jain tirthankaras. They

constructed stepped wells called Pushkarni or Kalyani, the ornate tank at Hulikere being an example. The tank

has twelve minor shrines containing Hindu deities. contd part II for more info mail to musham3@gmail.com
HAVE A LOOK AT OTHER BLOG http://musham.wordpress.com,

MushamWORLD of AncientScience,Stamps,AcientCoins,PostalHistory,AncientTelugu,
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Wednesday 19 August 2009

Dhrangadhra banknote



HH Maharana Maharaja Shri Raj MAYURDHWAJSINHJI MEGHRAJJI III GHANSHYAMSINHJI Sahib (1942- Adjitniwas Palace, Dhrangadhra - 363310, Gujarat, India,born 6rd March 1923, member of the Standing Committee of the Chamber of Princes from 1945 to 1947, and in 1945 was the prime mover of the Saurashtra States Confederation Scheme which he carried in the meeting of the States-General in 1946. On 10 May 1947 he became the first Ruler in Western India to join the Constituent Assembly of India, to which he was nominated in 1948. On the establishment of the United State of Kathiawar (Saurashtra) in 1948, he was installed as Uprajpramukh, and he served as Acting Rajpramukh during the absences of the Rajpramukh. In 1952 he resigned as Uprajpramukh and entered Christ Church, Oxford, where he read philosophy for six years. He also studied at the Ruskin School of Drawing. After returning to India from Oxford, Meghrâjjî was President of the Jodhpur Regency Council from 1965 to 1968. In 1967 he was elected to the Gujarat Legislative Assembly from the Dhragadhra Constituency. He resigned the same year on his election to the Fourth Lok Sabha as MP for Jhalava, which seat he held until 1970. He was the main Opposition speaker against allowing Parliament the power to abridge fundamental Constitutional rights, and introduced his own Bill for allowing a plebiscite when the question of abridgement arose. From 1967 to 1971 he was the Intendant General of the Concord of Princes which was set up to safeguard the rights and privileges of the Princes granted under the Indian Constitution, he led the opposition to the abrogation of the Rulers’ covenanted rights and Constitutional guarantees. He married 3rd March 1943 at Jodhpur, HH Maharani Shri Brijraj Kumari Sahiba of Jodhpur, and has issue.
Yuvraj Maharajkumar Shri Sodhsalji Mayurdhwajsinhji Jhala [Shatrujit Dev Sahib], born 22nd March 1944, Tikaraj Sahib [cr.1961], married 1stly, 6th May 1970, Yuvrani Saviti Devi [née Shahnoor Begum] of Palanpur, born 16th November 1941, died 8th September 1983, married 2ndly, 21st September 1986, Yuvrani Aysha Devi [née Yashwant Kumari Shekhawat], born 1st December 1948, and has issue.
Privy Purse: 390,000R

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BOATS on old indian banknote DHOW




A dhow (Arabic,داو) is a traditional Arab sailing vessel with one or more lateen sails. They are primarily used along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, India, and East Africa. Larger dhows have crews of approximately thirty, while smaller dhows typically have crews of around twelve.
Even to the present day Dhows make commercial journeys between the Persian Gulf and East Africa using sails as their only means of propulsion. Their cargo is mostly dates and fish to East Africa and mangrove timber to the lands in the Persian Gulf. Often they sail south with the monsoon in winter or early spring and back again to Arabia in late spring or early summer.

The term "dhow" is also applied to small, traditionally-constructed vessels used for trade in the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf area and the Indian Ocean from Madagascar to the Gulf of Bengal. Such vessels typically weigh 300 to 500 tons, and have a long, thin hull design.

Also, it is a family of early Arab ships that used the lateen sail on which the Portuguese likely based their designs for the caravel known to Arabs as sambuk, booms, baggalas, ghanjas, and zaruqs.
For celestial navigation, dhow sailors have traditionally used the kamal. This observation device determines latitude by finding the angle of the Pole Star above the horizon.

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LIST OF POSTS IN THIS BLOG



Bank of Bengal,Bombay & Madras.
http://salembanknote.blogspot.com
http://banknotepricelist.blogspot.com
http://rareindianbanknotes.blogspot.com
http://borninpost.blogspot.com
http://islamicscience.vox.com
Imperial bank of India
Bank notes of BRITISH-INDIA
SHIVA KESAVA ON COIN
Dhrangadhra banknote
BOATS on old indian banknote DHOW
LIST OF POSTS IN THIS BLOG
Gestapo death camp banknotes of Vilnus Ghetto
FLICKR LINK OF COINS
GESTAPO GHETTO BANKNOTES IN VILNUS
See coins photos modern Ancient medieval at FLICKR
SAMPLE LIST OF ITEMS WITH ME
hyderabad banknote,50rs india,telegram1904,LK jha 1rs
BYZANTINE FIRE SHIPS,see cup shape byzantine coins
FANTACY OF HISTORIANS BYZANTINE DYNASTY
jaipur pink city king photo stamp
CLAY LETTER COVER OF SUMERIA 3200 YEARS OLD
CHARMINAR SYMBLE OF Nizams Islamic art
map coin flag mint mark coin
BIRTH OF HYDERABAD BACK OF BANKNOTE
HYDERABAD BANKNOTES flag
bangladesh polymer bn
ERROR 50 RUPEES BANKNOTES NO FLAG ON FLAGPOLE
BANKNOTES ON The Parliament of India
OLD BRITISH INDIA COVERS
SHIP PASSPORT WITH KING SIGNATURE
Asian Numismatic news
We all know what a bank does photo of cut paste rare bn
Popal states 1848 which region ask
SALEM Banknote,India page1 in THE NUMISMATIST;USA
SALEM Banknote,India page2 in THE NUMISMATIST;USA
SALEM Banknote,India page3 in THE NUMISMATIST;USA
SALEM Banknote,India page4 in THE NUMISMATIST;USA
SALEM Banknote,India page5 in THE NUMISMATIST;USA
SALEM Banknote article page1 in THE NUMISMATIST;USA
SPECIMEN BANKNOTE OF CHILE ALL 00000000
SPECIMEN CHILE BANKNOTE 000000000
Saadhana Soorulu Folk Arts
Banknote on Weaving in khemr nation
Bhuddism in greek,aramic,khemr MAP
SUMERIAN,Akkadian Postal history
Spread of Buddhism by messages on ROCK,
RAJGHAT FDC,places of Delhi 15 FDC for SALE
russian japanese message
ZEMAITU BANK NOTE FROM BALTICS BACK OF NOTE
zemaitija banknotes from russian czar kingdom
SAMOGITIA NEW NATION BANKNOTE VERY RARE
BANK NOTE FLAG OF SAMAGOTIA NATION
Thanks THANKS Thanks for your RESPONSE
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

PART 2 of SALEM BANK IN INDIA
Places of DELHI,indipex1970- 15 FDC
TRIMURTHY postcards
Census ads on postcards
Asian Numismatic NEWS
BANK OF BENGAL ,FARMAN,etc
EAST India company 1862 bank note
DEERS on 5 Rupees indian banknotes
RARE FRENCH INDIA banknote of PONDICHERRY
Blank watermark sheet of BRITISH INDIA 5 Rupees note

Elephants in Jungle of Bamboos,WEALTH,&Prosperity giver.
ERROR 100 Rs Indian banknotes,Wealth symble.
GANDHI 1rupee 2rupee 2 rupee error YAAA
silver rs 2 rs double ??????
Provincial bannotes of ZAIRE rare spelling***
100 Error bank note A big and small ask info
1 rupee KRK menon,Ambegowkaer NO 1 and 2
GANDHI,10 rupees;NEHRU 5 rupees rare
George VI 5RS front face & sideface musham3@gmail.com,
ANANDA Dynasty off shoots of SATAVAHANA,SPECIMEN TRAVELLER CHEQUES RARE 00000000
HYDERABAD BN STAMPSsee label of banknote by saving bn or click on bn see at bottom last
Exchange indian banknotes,british india banknotes
GVI 5 10 1963 1rs 1 rs charminar coin 10 new
GANDHI NOTES,khadi banknotes,handmade paper as gandhi told
Gandhi notes of india,KHADI NOTES 2 rs gandhi 2**
SOME MORE CHEQUES OF BANK OF CHINA
bank of china CHEQUES OF CALCUTTA BRANCH
BANK OF CHINA OPENED ITS BRANCH IN CALCUTTA CLOSED IN 1941
BANK OF CHINA OPENED ITS BRANCH IN CALCUTTA IN 1937
Bank of china bonds before civilwar in china
Bank of china bond backside used in calcutta rare
CHINA banking items used in china during BRITISH INDIA
RUSSIAN ,SPAIN,STAMP COIN MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM
DINAJPUR,JUNAGARH,MENGHNI,CASH ,CARBOARDCOINS,
CARD BOARD COINS OF INDIA DURING BRITISH PERIOD;musham3@gmail.com,

SamudraManthan scene on ANGORVAT and BANKNOTE,musham3@gmail.com
HYDERABAD and BERAR INCLUDED HOW BIG WAS telangana,SEEE
UNC GEORGE VI side face BANKNOTE,musham,
RUPEE value basket from silver to GOLD,musham,
British INDIA rare 5 rs banknate with unique design,musham 5 taylor white
INDIAN BANK NOTES in series: musham3@gmail.com
HISTORY OF SATAVAHANA RULERS ,musham3@gmail.com,
SATAVAHANA rulers birth by ASWAMEGHA yagam,musham3@gmail.com
SATAVAHANA DYNASTY OF TELANGANA BHUDDISTS
ERROR 100 rupees A big SecondA small RARE
BIBLE period coin used by local people,musham3@gmail.com,
BritishIndia 1891 indiastock company banknote 222****
Animals on republic india banknotes,jaipur king photo
British india banknotes GEORGE VI notes
Hyderabad Nizam Bank notes
Nether india coins VOC nagapatnam coin
Portuguese india
Denmark indian colony coins rare
1819 to1890 Bank of Bengal Documents very rare
Khadhi industry handmade YARN
Gandhi comm two rupees
King PHOTO series JAIPUR king
Britishindia one rupee banknote georgeVI
NO FLAG ON FLAGPOLE OVER INDIAN PARLIAMENT
First one rupee of Republic INDIA, KRK MENON
NEW 500 rupees UNC gandhi
ERROR rupayyaa in place of rupaeee in old 100 rupee note
The Chartered bank of India,Australia&China bank item Check
100 rupees note with DAM
British india banknote of GeorgeVI front face RARE
Watermarked plain paper of BRITISH INDIA 5 Rupees
MY BLOGS BLOGS BLOGS ;;;
List of ancient coins from ALEXANDER,BIBLE,ROMAN period
ANCIENT from alexander period,Islamic coins STAMPS etc,
List of indian bank note general information
India Stock Note1891 similar to USA P-280 UNCAT
KHADI note of hand cotton spinning corporation
HYDERABAD STATE in south india ARABIC/urdu script
Error hindi yaa;corrected indi 2 diff signs ;
EERRORR BANK NOTE ONE NO MISSING AT BOTTOM VERY RARE; ak 1 RS RARAE
Error 5Rs bn;RamaRao 5Rs;PC B5 rs;10Rs L kJha;10Rs kashmir garden on back rare design
Posted by Indian Bank Notes at 12:56 AM 0 comments
5Rs H V IyengerP-35,PC BattacharyaP-36;Rs10RamaRao only ENGLISH rare P-37;
Error hindi letter YAAA in place of YA; P-38 contact musham@gmail.com
Indian bank note with ELEPHANT pair in the FOREST one elephant with uplifting trunk
BACK SIDE OF P-43 AU[all indian notes of earliar period have pin holes
and thought as UNC in this state ok] ask for rates and

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Tuesday 18 August 2009

Gestapo death camp banknotes of Vilnus Ghetto


The Vilna Ghetto, Wilno Ghetto or Vilnius Ghetto a Jewish ghetto established by Nazi Germany in the city of Vilnius during the Holocaust in World War II. During roughly two years of its existence, starvation, disease, street executions, maltreatment and deportations to concentration camps and extermination camps reduced the population of the ghetto from an estimated 40,000 to zero. Only several hundred people managed to survive, mostly by hiding in the forests surrounding the town, joining the Soviet partisans or finding shelter among sympathetic locals.
German troops entered Vilnius on 26 June 1941, followed by units of the Einsatzgruppe A. Over the course of the summer, German troops and Lithuanian civilians and Lithuanian police killed more than 21,000 Jews living in Vilnius in a rapid extermination program. Vilna or Vilnius was a predominantly Polish and Jewish city until Joseph Stalin gave it back to Lithuania in October 1939 according to the Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty. The Republic of Lithuania had claimed it as its capital and the dispute between Poland and Lithuania was a long-standing one at the League of Nations. The Republic of Lithuania, operating out of the provisional capital Kaunas, sent in the Lithuanian Army to reclaim the city and embarked on a project to Lithuanianize the city. This included operations by the Lithuanian State Security agency, who seized on the opportunity for ethnic cleansing offered by the arrival of the Third Reich and helped orchestrate the kidnapping and murder of Jews in the city before the ghetto was set up. The deportation from the United States of Aleksandras Lileikis to face (an ultimately unsuccessful) trial in Lithuania revolves around the role he played in the Lithuanian State Security apparatus in the murder of Jews. These kidnappers were known in Yiddish as hapunes, meaning grabbers or snatchers. In the months that followed Poles were also targeted by Lithuanian and German authorities. Newspapers published by the Polish underground in Lithuania and Poland were virulently anti-Semitic[citation needed] early on and remained so until late into World War II. The Jewish population of Vilnius on the eve of the Holocaust was probably more than 60,000, including refugees from Poland and subtracting the small number who managed to flee onward to the Soviet Union.

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FLICKR LINK OF COINS


ancient,bible,byzantine,moghul,sultanate,moghul farmans,philately,numismatics,
british india,banknotes,postal,history,stamps,USA banknotes,

FLICKR LINK OF COINS

FOR BIGGER IMAGE CLICK ON IMAGE OK

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See coins photos modern Ancient medieval at FLICKR

http://www.flickr.com/photos/numisphil/

See coins photos modern Ancient medieval at FLICKR 200 plus photos of wide selection some of my collection some are EXTRA for exchange sale

ASK ME FOR DETAILS ON DESCRIPTION ETC TO MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM

http://www.flickr.com/photos/numisphil/

Panchala 400BC 3k
hyderabad rare type 18$
sikh flower 29*
kaut coin bhuddist rare 18*
East india company 30*

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SAMPLE LIST OF ITEMS WITH ME



SAMPLE LIST OF ITEMS WITH ME CLICK ON PHOTO TO SEE THE DOUBLE SIZE CLEAR IMAGE
ANY DOUBT MAIL TO MUSHAM3@GMAIL.COM


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hyderabad banknote,50rs india,telegram1904,LK jha 1rs


hyderabad banknote,50rs india,telegram1904,LK jha 1rs

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BYZANTINE FIRE SHIPS,see cup shape byzantine coins



The Greek fire SHIP was first used by the Byzantine Navy during the Byzantine-Arab Wars (from the Madrid Skylitzes,

Biblioteca Nacional de España, Madrid).
The Arabs, now firmly in control of Syria and the Levant, sent frequent raiding parties deep into Anatolia, and

between 674 and 678 laid siege to Constantinople itself. The Arab fleet was finally repulsed through the use of

Greek fire, and a thirty-years' truce was signed between the empire and caliphate. The Anatolian raids

continued unabated, and accelerated the demise of classical urban culture, with the inhabitants of many cities

either refortifying much smaller areas within the old city walls, or relocating entirely to nearby fortresses.

The void left by the disappearance of the old semi-autonomous civic institutions was filled by the theme

system, which entailed the division of Anatolia into "provinces" occupied by distinct armies which assumed

civil authority and answered directly to the imperial administration. This system may have had its roots in

certain ad hoc measures taken by Heraclius, but over the course of the seventh century it developed into an

entirely new system of imperial governance.

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FANTACY OF HISTORIANS BYZANTINE DYNASTY


The Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire, known to its inhabitants as the Roman Empire, the Empire of the Romans (Greek: Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) and also as Romania (Ῥωμανία, Rhōmanía), was the continuation of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered on its capital of Constantinople, and ruled by Emperors in direct succession to the ancient Roman Emperors. The Empire preserved Romano-Hellenistic traditions, but due to the increasing predominance of the Greek language,it became known to most of its western and northern contemporaries usually as the Empire of the Greeks. In the Islamic world it was known primarily as روم (Rûm "Rome"). The term "Byzantine Empire" was popularized by historians during the 16th – 19th centuries.

The Eastern Roman Empire's evolution from the ancient Roman Empire is sometimes dated from Emperor Constantine I's transfer of the capital from Nicomedia (in Anatolia) to Byzantium on the Bosphorus, which became Constantinople (alternatively "New Rome"). By the 7th century, increased eastern cultural influences, reforms by Emperor Heraclius, and the adoption of Greek as the official language, distinguished the later Roman character from its ancient character.

During its thousand-year existence the Empire remained one of the most powerful economic, cultural, and military forces in Europe, despite setbacks and territorial losses, especially during the Roman–Persian and Byzantine–Arab Wars. After the Komnenian restoration briefly re-established dominance in the 12th century, the Empire slipped into a long decline, with the Byzantine–Ottoman Wars culminating in the Fall of Constantinople and its remaining territories to the Muslim Ottoman Turks in the 15th century.
The term "Byzantine Empire" is an invention of historians and was never used during the Empire's lifetime. The Empire's name in Greek was Basileia ton Rhōmaiōn (Greek: Βασιλεία των Ῥωμαίων)— "The Empire of the Romans"— a translation of the Latin name of the Roman Empire (Latin: Imperium Romanōrum); unofficially it was also called as Rhōmania (Greek: Ῥωμανία) or Rhōmaís (Ῥωμαΐς).The term "Byzantine" itself comes from "Byzantium", the name that the city of Constantinople had before it became the capital of Constantine. This older name of the city would rarely be used from this point onward except in historical or poetic contexts.


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Monday 17 August 2009

jaipur pink city king photo stamp


Jaipur also popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital of Rajasthan state, India. Historically rendered as Jeypore, Jaipur is the former capital of the princely state of Jaipur. Founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh, the ruler of Amber, the city today has a population of more than 5 million residents.

Built of pink stucco in imitation of sandstone, the city is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets which are laid out into six sectors separated by broad streets 111 ft (34 m) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace complex (the Hawa Mahal, or palace of winds), formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. Another noteworthy building is Sawai Jai Singh's observatory, Jantar Mantar

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CLAY LETTER COVER OF SUMERIA 3200 YEARS OLD


Old Akkadian, which was used until the end of the third century BCE, differs from both Babylonian and Assyrian; and was displaced by these dialects. The two dialects, which were to become the primary dialects, were easily distinguishable by the 21st century BCE. Old Babylonian, along with the closely related dialect Mariotic, is clearly more innovative than the Old Assyrian dialect and the more distantly related Eblaite language. For this reason, forms like lu-prus (I will decide) are first encountered in Old Babylonian instead of the older la-prus(even though it was archaic compared to Akkadian). On the other hand, Assyrian developed certain innovations as well, such as the "Assyrian vowel harmony" (which is not comparable to that found in Turkish or Finnish). Eblaite is even more archaic, retaining a productive dual and a relative pronoun declined in case, number and gender. Both of which had already disappeared in Old Akkadian.
Old Babylonian was the language of king Hammurabi and his code, which was one of the oldest collections of laws in the world.
The Middle Babylonian (or Assyrian) period started in the 1500s BCE. The division comes from the Kassite invasion of Babylonia around 1550 BCE, and their reign for 300 years. The Kassites gave up their own language in favor of Akkadian, but they had little influence on the language. At its apogee, Middle Babylonian was the written language of diplomacy of the entire ancient Orient, including Egypt. During this period, a large number of loan words were included in the language from North West Semitic languages and Hurrian; however, the use of these words was confined to the fringes of the Akkadian speaking territory.

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CHARMINAR SYMBLE OF Nizams Islamic art


The Nizams patronized Islamic art, culture and literature and developed railway network in Hyderabad. Islamic Sharia law was the guiding principle of the Nizams' official machinery.

FLAG

The Asafia flag of Hyderabad. The script along the top reads Al Azmatulillah meaning "All greatness is for God". The bottom script reads Ya Uthman which translates to "Oh Uthman". The writing in the middle reads "Nizam-ul-Mulk Asif Jah"

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BIRTH OF HYDERABAD BACK OF BANKNOTE


Hyderabad was founded by the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golkonda. In 1686 the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb campaigned in the Deccan to overcome the Marathas and conquer the independent Deccan states. Before the campaign, the Mughals had controlled the northwestern Deccan, including Khandesh and Berar, but Mughal control ended at the Godavari River. Aurangzeb conquered Golconda and Bijapur in 1687, extending Mughal control south of the Krishna River.

The Mughal Empire began to weaken during the reign of Aurangzeb's grandson, Muhammad Shah. A Mughal official, Asif Jah, treacherously defeated a rival Mughal governor to seize control of the empire's southern provinces, declaring himself Nizam-al-Mulk of Hyderabad in 1724. The Mughal emperor, under renewed attack from the Marathas, was unable to prevent it.

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HYDERABAD BANKNOTES


Hyderābād state was the largest princely state in the erstwhile British Indian Empire. It was located in the south-central region of the Indian subcontinent, and was ruled, from 1724 until 1948, by a hereditary Nizam. The Berar region of the state was merged with the Central Provinces of British India in 1903, to form the Central Provinces and Berar.

In 1947, at the time of the partition of India and the formation of the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan, the then Nizam, Osman Ali Khan, decided not to join either new nation. However, the following year, the Government of India incorporated Hyderabad into the Indian Union, using military force, in what was known as Operation Polo led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

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Sunday 16 August 2009

BANGLADESH POLYMER BANKNOTES EXCHANGE


Sheikh Mujibur Rahman March 17, 1920 ,August 15, 1975 was a Bengali politician and the founding leader of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, generally considered in the country as the father of the Bengali nation. He headed the Awami League, served as the first President of Bangladesh and later became its Prime Minister. He is popularly referred to as Sheikh Mujib, and with the honorary title of Bangabandhu ,Friend of Bengal. His eldest daughter Sheikh Hasina Wajed is the present leader of the Awami League and the current Prime Minister of Bangladesh.

A student political leader, Mujib rose in East Pakistani politics and within the ranks of the Awami League as a charismatic and forceful orator. An advocate of socialism, Mujib became popular for his leadership against the ethnic and institutional discrimination of Bengalis. He demanded increased provincial autonomy, and became a fierce opponent of the military rule of Ayub Khan. At the heightening of sectional tensions, Mujib outlined a 6-point autonomy plan, which was seen as separatism in West Pakistan. He was tried in 1968 for allegedly conspiring with the Indian government but was not found guilty. Despite leading his party to a major victory in the 1970 elections, Mujib was not invited to form the government.

After talks broke down with President Yahya Khan and West Pakistani politician Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Sheikh Mujib on 26 March, 1971 announced the declaration of independence of East Pakistan and announced the establishment of the sovereign People's Republic of Bangladesh. Subsequently he was arrested and tried by Rahimuddin Khan in a military court during his nine month detention. Guerrilla war erupted between government forces and Bengali nationalists aided by India. An all out war between the Pakistan Army and Bangladesh-India Joint Forces led to the establishment of Bangladesh, and after his release Mujib assumed office as a provisional president, and later prime minister. Even as a constitution was adopted, proclaiming socialism and a secular democracy, Mujib struggled to address the challenges of intense poverty and unemployment, coupled with rampant corruption. Amidst rising popular agitation, he banned other political parties and established a one party state. After only seven months, Mujib was assassinated along with his family by a group of army officers.

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